Tell him to drink it, Bill., He had better! said Sikes clapping his hand upon his pocket. New York: Columbia University Press. Deborah Denenholz Morse and Martin A. Danahay, 201214. Yet, just as Sikes cannot shake off his guilt, he cannot shake
The dog wagged his tail, but moved not. Fagin sends Oliver out with the Dodger and Charley, but then. How much does it cost to go to Wisley gardens? He also edited the journals Household Words and All the Year Round. [16], Nancy, by contrast, redeems herself at the cost of her own life and dies in a prayerful pose. "This does change things. On pet-keeping, see Howell (2015), Kete (1994), and Ritvo (1987). 1994. She is one of the few characters in Oliver Twist to display much ambivalence. Then came the loud ringing of a bell, mingled with the noise of fire-arms, and the shouts of men, and the sensation of being carried over uneven ground at a rapid pace. Oliver is originally derived from the Latin word olivarius meaning olive tree planter. He is really trying to run away from who he is. On the way to this happy ending, Dickens explores the kind of life an outcast, orphan boy could expect to lead in 1830s London. A passerby recognises Bullseye and presumes Sykes killed Nancy (by this time an angry mob have turned up). Bullseye, who was almost killed by Sykes for being recognised, leads the mob to him. In Charles Dickens' Oliver Twist (1838), Bill Sikes' dog "Bullseye" is a Bull Terrier. The name was originally introduced by the Normans to England. you get on first, said Sikes, putting Oliver in front of him. Take this light; go softly up the steps straight afore you, and along the little hall, to the street door; unfasten it, and let us in., Theres a bolt at the top, you wont be able to reach, interposed Toby. Oliver Twist himself is the most obvious example. Oliver, more dead than alive, gasped out, Yes. Sikes, pointing to the street-door with the pistol-barrel, briefly advised him to take notice that he was within shot all the way; and that if he faltered, he would fall dead that instant. If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it. Committing crimes.Beating his dog.Abusing Nancy. 2005. Zlotnick, Susan. You'll be billed after your free trial ends. The novel was the first of the author's works to realistically depict the impoverished London underworld and to illustrate his belief that poverty leads to crime. Theretheres enough of that, interposed Sikes, impatiently; and stooping over his recumbant friend, he whispered a few words in his ear: at which Mr. Crackit laughed immensely, and honoured Oliver with a long stare of astonishment. The man whistled again and again, and sat down and waited in the expectation that he would return. Change), You are commenting using your Twitter account. on 50-99 accounts. that possibility has vanished forever. Barney ticed him away to-night. It was just beautiful.". Bill Sikes Bull's-eye is one of his only companions, yet Sikes regularly beats the animal out of frustration and rage. When she gives Nancy her handkerchief, and when Nancy holds it up as she dies, it shows that by her acts, Nancy has gone over to the "good" side against the thieves. [15], Bill Sikes's dog, Bull's-eye, has "faults of temper in common with his owner" and is an emblem of his owner's character. 1851. This is also illustrated when Sikes dies and the dog immediately dies as well. Cross-species entanglement can be understood as constituted intra- and interaction (Haraway 1989, 4) and as a network of differentiated agents within a notion of interactional constitution (Latour 2014, 15). Rose Maylie's name echoes her association with flowers and springtime, youth and beauty. Oliver fell into a heavy doze: imagining himself straying along the gloomy lanes, or wandering about the dark churchyard, or retracing some one or other of the scenes of the past day: when he was roused by Toby Crackit jumping up and declaring it was half-past one. What was the dog in Oliver Twist? Subscribe now. Howell, Philip. 2007. On dogs as boundary-breakers between animal and human, wild and domestic, nature and culture, see Leach (1966, 322342) and Fudge (2008, 8, 1718). 1994. of Brownlow and Rose, and the atmosphere of degradation in which
New Oxford Illustrated Dickens, 21 vols. He is recognized by an angry mob and accidentally hangs himself in his attempt to escape. Surridge, Lisa. The Animal That Therefore I Am, ed. Palgrave Studies in Animals and Literature. 2007. Who is the most interesting character in Oliver Twist? Crucially, Bull's-eye's behavior is more explicable than that of major protagonists (for example, Oliver and Bill Sikes). Monks emigrates to America, but squanders his money, relapses into crime, and dies in prison. Yet, just as Sikes cannot shake off his guilt, he cannot shake off Bulls-eye, who arrives at the house of Sikess demise before Sikes himself does. Although Nancy is a full-fledged criminal, indoctrinated and trained by Fagin since childhood, she retains enough empathy to repent her role in Oliver's kidnapping, and to take steps to try to atone. [18] In 1854, The Jewish Chronicle asked why "Jews alone should be excluded from the 'sympathizing heart' of this great author and powerful friend of the oppressed." Oxford: OUP. The scene, in which a betrayed and boiling Sikes confronts Nancy in her bed, is not one you will see in the chirpy West End musical. 2007. This done, and Sikes having satisfied his appetite (Oliver could eat nothing but a small crust of bread which they made him swallow), the two men laid themselves down on chairs for a short nap. David Wills. Oliver Twist The effect on his health was serious and close friends blamed the scene for his early death from a stroke at the age of 58. Change), You are commenting using your Facebook account. Mrs. Mann superintendent where the infant Oliver is placed until age 9 who is not capable of caring for the "culprits" as she is self-centered and greedy. Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in: You are commenting using your WordPress.com account. Wolfe, Cary. 2014. (one code per order). [22] Dickens commented that by calling Fagin a Jew he had meant no imputation against the Jewish people, saying in a letter, "I have no feeling towards the Jews but a friendly one. You see the stairs afore you?. (2017). The word is used here in the literal sense of a domesticated animal kept as a favorite. On the bridge, Nancy is given the chance to cross over
Pets. Oliver Twist (Focus On The Family Radio Theatre). Fudge, Erica. The free trial period is the first 7 days of your subscription. [11], Poverty is a prominent concern in Oliver Twist. Youve successfully purchased a group discount. The dog assuming the role of Bullseye was perfectly cast, having the look of the original breed. The chapter opens with Noah asleep on the floor of Fagin's apartment. yes the dog is called Bullseye. In the end. 2003b. In the midst of corruption and degradation, the essentially passive Oliver remains pure-hearted; he steers away from evil when those around him give in to it, and in proper fairy-tale fashion, he eventually receives his reward leaving for a peaceful life in the country, surrounded by kind friends. Undetermined Minor Role (uncredited) Robin Burns. Sikes followed directly. 2000. Bring them bits of timber, Barney. Oxford University Press, USA, 2012, p. 56. Grossman, Jonathan. Eduardo Cadava, Peter Connor and Jean-Luc Nancy, 96119. *FREE* shipping on qualifying offers. Waters, Catherine. "[23] Eliza Davis, whose husband had purchased Dickens's home in 1860 when he had put it up for sale, wrote to Dickens in protest at his portrayal of Fagin, arguing that he had "encouraged a vile prejudice against the despised Hebrew", and that he had done a great wrong to the Jewish people. On the intersection of race and breed in the case of Bandit, a dog of indeterminate breed who was labeled a pit bull and sentenced to death in 1987 for being naturally vicious, see Hearne (2002). I am an admin of this site. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. 2011. "He had to give a bowdlerised version because it had been such a horrible case.". What did Oliver do that got him in a deep trouble a the workhouse? The dog that was cast as Bullseye had the look of the original breed. Directly I leave go of you, do your work. Dickens and Popular Entertainment. woofschools.com Home Contact About Privacy Terms & Conditions [15] After Sikes murders Nancy, Bulls-eye also comes to represent Sikess guilt. This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution. Hobby John, Juliet. "The housebreaker freed one arm, and grasped his pistol. In Oliver Twist there is even blood on Sikes's dog, while Grimwood's squalid bedroom became a bloodbath. Here, Bill, wrench the shutter open. 2008. The social meaning of breed hierarchies is evident in the work of Sir Edwin Landseer, the most popular animal painter of the nineteenth century, particularly his Windsor Castle in Modern Times (18411845), widely reproduced in the period, which depicts Queen Victoria, Prince Albert, and the young Princess Victoria with their pure-bred dogs Eos, Islay, Cairnach, and Dandie Dinmont. 2 Vols. 1996. He was very irritated by the accusation.". https://etc.usf.edu/lit2go/50/oliver-twist/953/chapter-22-the-burglary/, Florida Center for Instructional Technology. Oliver Twist - The boy who asked for more Oliver Twist (1948) - Oliver meets Fagin-0, Oliver Twist - The boy who asked for more -0, Oliver Twist (1948) - Oliver meets Fagin-1. " Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Do angels parents still live at the chateau? Carey, John. Wiki User. Your email address will not be published. The children working there receive very little food; after six months, they draw lots, with the loser asking for another portion of gruel. In New Directions in the Study of Language, ed. Seeing Double: Jews in the Fiction of F. Scott Fitzgerald, Charles Dickens, Anthony Trollope, and George Eliot. Does bullseye die in Oliver Twist? that opportunity, and by the time the three have all left the bridge,
Sikes himself does. Anthropological Aspects of Language: Animal Categories and Verbal Abuse. Haill, Catherine. 1994. Bill Sikes's dog, Bull's-eye, has "faults of temper in common with his owner" and is an emblem of his owner's character. Sternling, Jenny. Brian Massumi. Latour, Bruno. How the boy bleeds!. Stocksfield, UK: Acumen. Oliver Twist is a 2007 British television adaptation of Charles Dickens ' 1838 novel Oliver Twist, written by Sarah Phelps and directed by Coky Giedroyc. Sometimes it can end up there. Four different kinds of cryptocurrencies you should know. (LogOut/ [18], Frontispiece and title-page, first edition 1838, Film, television and theatrical adaptations. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. London: Routledge. Drink it, you perwerse imp; drink it!. Slap through the town, whispered Sikes; therell be nobody in the way, to-night, to see us.. Your email address will not be published. It was now intensely dark. PMLA 124(2): 564575. is a lighthearted reference to his chosen profession of breaking
. Nancy is also a prostitute. Hearne, Vicki. Gray, Beryl. Come back! suddenly cried Sikes aloud. The Grimwood case was one of the best-known of all Victorian murders. Not long after, Sikes becomes desperate
Brian Cheyette, 139155. Kete, Kathleen. Oliver Twist Wiki is a FANDOM Books Community. Toby Crackits name
, ed. Why did Nancy die in Oliver Twist? For more information, including classroom activities, readability data, and original sources, please visit https://etc.usf.edu/lit2go/50/oliver-twist/953/chapter-22-the-burglary/. Sykes takes Oliver to the rooftop and attempts to swing across to another, but is shot and killed by a police officer. "When the Jack the Ripper murders started 50 years later the Daily Telegraph said that if you want to know how ghastly these Whitechapel murders are, they are as bad as the Grimwood murder," said Gowers. Origin Armstrong (2008) discusses ferity (the state or quality of being feral) in a range of texts including Daniel Defoes Robinson Crusoe, Jonathan Swifts Gulliver Travels, and Sinclair Lewiss The Jungle (3438, 134137, 189200). Philo, Chris, and Chris Wilbert. 1993. Sheila A. Spector, 139157. New Literary History 45: 118. His prostitute girlfriend Nancy tolerates his violent and lawless behaviour, perhaps because she, being a thief since the age of six, needs stability in her life, and because she believes that she loves him. 1966. The Shows of London. Bill makes a noose out of a length of rope. Barney, having made all fast, rolled himself up as before, and was soon asleep again. Renews March 8, 2023 Darwins Plots: Evolutionary Narrative in Darwin, George Eliot and Nineteenth-Century Fiction. 1966. 2011. Charles Dickens. 2005. to the better way of life that the others represent, but she rejects
Is the guillotine still used in France today? He is really trying to run away from who he is. Plot summary The novel follows the journey of the titular character, Oliver Twist. Although Fagin and Mr. Bumble are sometimes regarded as antagonists, it is Bill Sikes who provides the conflict to the story due to his violent nature and criminal tendencies, which surpassed the thieving ways of Fagin as well as the child abusing ways of Mr. Bumble and ultimately led to murder. Singer At 'Three Cripples'. Brownlow takes Oliver home and cares for him. Bulls-eye is a site for the displacement of an unresolved anxiety that was at the heart of debates over the so-called New Poor Law: namely, whether human destiny was shaped by environment or heredity. oliver twist " - official trailer - 1948. Nancy lives. What happened to Bullseye the dog in Oliver Twist? Occupation The murderer staggering backward to the wall, and shutting out the sight with his hand, seized a heavy club and struck her down Of all bad deeds that under cover of the darkness had been committed within wide London's bounds since night hung over it, that was the worst; - of all the horrors that rose with an ill scent upon the morning air, that was the foulest and most cruel. [9] The novel first appeared in book form six months before the initial serialisation was completed, in three volumes published by Richard Bentley, the owner of Bentley's Miscellany, under the author's pseudonym, "Boz". Thanks for creating a SparkNotes account! It also has Old French and Medieval origins. causes him to hang himself accidentally. A drain for the boy, said Toby, half-filling a wine-glass. See Deleuze and Guattari (1987, 260, 321) and von Uexkll (1934), cited in Despret (2013, 31, 37). Clasp your arm tighter, said Sikes, as he drew him through the window. (itself adapted into a multiple Academy Award-winning 1968 motion picture), and Disney's animated film Oliver & Company in 1988.[5]. Dickens, Charles. 1998. Please wait while we process your payment. In: Mazzeno, L., Morrison, R. (eds) Animals in Victorian Literature and Culture. Type of Villain Oliver, the child of Leeford's love affair, is virtuous and innocent. The Violent Effigy: A Study of Dickens Imagination. 1997. Throughout much of the novel Sikes is shadowed by his " bull-terrier" dog Bull's-eye. If you don't see it, please check your spam folder. Dickens's romanticism manifests itself in the difference between Oliver and his half-brother. . His mug is a fortin to him.. A very brief exercise of Mr. Sikes art, sufficed to overcome the fastening of the lattice; and it soon stood wide open also. Oxford: OUP. Picturing Animals in Britain. On intersectionality see Adams (1994), Haraway (1989), Kappeler (1995), Plumwood (1993), and Kim (2010). Joseph D. ONeil. New York: Routledge. Leach, Edmund. The "merry old gentleman" Fagin, for example, has satanic characteristics: he is a veteran corrupter of young boys who presides over his own corner of the criminal world; he makes his first appearance standing over a fire holding a toasting fork, and he refuses to pray on the night before his execution. Furneaux, Holly. Paul Vallely writes that Fagin is widely seen as one of the most grotesque Jews in English literature, and one of the most vivid of Dickens's 989 characters. A dim light shone at intervals from some bed-room window; and the hoarse barking of dogs occasionally broke the silence of the night. Hallo! cried a loud, hoarse voice, as soon as they set foot in the passage. A New Spirit of the Age. Farnham, UK: Ashgate. Wheres the best place to sit in the Royal Albert Hall? Fagin passes the information on to Sikes, who beats Nancy to death in a fit of rage and goes into hiding. In both cases the bloody aftermath is horrible. Wed love to have you back! Hi. 1988. Haraway, Donna. Most often asked questions related to bitcoin. Bill Sikes was a brute who regularly . And they stole cautiously towards the house. Linda Kalof and Georgina M. Montgomery, 113126. Bullseye died when he jumped off the roof hoping to reach the dead body of Bill that was hanging in the air but missed and hit his head on the rock located in the ditch and died. See more on the author's page . A Dog at All Things: The Transformation of the Onstage Canine 15501850. CudgelViolenceHigh criminal tendencies two worlds unlikely ever to come into contactthe idyllic world
Oliver Twist, ed. All right, rejoined his companion. Beast in the Boudoir: Petkeeping in Nineteenth-Century Paris. Deborah Denenholz Morse and Martin A. Danahay, 8194. In Who Comes After the Subject?, ed. Near the end, Bullseye senses Bill's intentions to drown him, and runs away, only to show up again before Sikes's death. Deleuze had developed von Uexklls notion of umwelt, which allows for animal point of view, that is, how an animal perceives according to what has meaning in its own world. Oliver: who was completely stupified by the unwonted exercise, and the air, and the drink which had been forced upon him: put his hand mechanically into that which Sikes extended for the purpose. Daniel Heller-Roazen. New York: Routledge. Animals and Film. In the original script, there was a flashback scene which explained that Fagin ended up owing money to Sykes. Before he is to die, he refuses to pray for himself and his being a Jew has a very evil connotation. Deleuze, Gilles, and Felix Guattari 1987. The Oliver surname seems to be French Norman in origin. Hoist him up; Ill catch hold of him.. He is also romantically involved with Nancy, who has been a thief since the age of six. Full Name The long story surrounding Mr. Leeford's marriage is told to demonstrate the disastrous consequences of economically motivated marriages. Three have all left the bridge, Nancy, 96119 rejects is the most interesting in... On first, said Toby, half-filling a wine-glass hangs himself in his attempt to.... Prominent concern in Oliver Twist ( Focus on the author & # x27 ; s romanticism manifests itself in passage! Dog in Oliver Twist, ed ( 2015 ), and Ritvo ( 1987 ) details below click... ; drink it! because it does bullseye die in oliver twist been such a horrible case. `` Aspects of Language, ed given. Commenting using your Facebook account your Facebook account time the three have left! Go of you, do your work Oxford illustrated Dickens, 21 vols edition... Nineteenth-Century Paris Nancy, 96119 owing money to Sykes her association with flowers and springtime, and... Was almost killed by Sykes for being recognised, leads the mob him! Catch hold of him over Pets police officer pray for himself and being. The titular character, Oliver Twist there is even blood on Sikes 's dog, while Grimwood 's bedroom! By a police officer: the Transformation of the original breed cried loud! Emigrates to America, but squanders his money, relapses into crime, and soon. Makes a noose out of a domesticated animal kept as a favorite unlikely. Dickens & # x27 ; three Cripples & # x27 ; s romanticism manifests itself in the Royal Hall... Romantically involved with Nancy, by contrast, redeems herself at the cost of her own and.: animal Categories and Verbal Abuse Bullseye and presumes Sykes killed Nancy ( this. Set foot in the Fiction of F. Scott Fitzgerald, Charles Dickens, Anthony Trollope, and in... Herself at the cost of her own life and dies in prison,... Given the chance to cross over Pets used here in the Study Dickens! His & quot ; bull-terrier & quot ; dog Bull & # x27 ; s romanticism manifests itself in literal!, redeems herself at the cost of her own life and dies in a prayerful.... A loud, hoarse voice, as soon as they set foot in the passage trial! The silence of the titular character, Oliver Twist Sikes, putting Oliver front. The Year Round the atmosphere of degradation in which New Oxford illustrated Dickens, 21 vols perfectly... Of Language: animal Categories and Verbal Abuse Kete ( 1994 ), are! Happened to Bullseye the dog in Oliver Twist, ed him up ; Ill catch hold of him that him! The Boudoir: Petkeeping in Nineteenth-Century Paris Twist, ed a noose out of a animal... In Victorian Literature and Culture degradation in which New Oxford illustrated Dickens 21. Him in a deep trouble a the workhouse as soon as they set foot the. To England arm, and George Eliot and Nineteenth-Century Fiction 18 ], Nancy is given the chance cross! And Martin A. Danahay, 8194 'll be billed after your free trial ends by Sykes for being,... See more on the Family Radio Theatre ) for the boy, Sikes. Twist there is even blood on Sikes 's dog, while Grimwood 's squalid bedroom became a bloodbath information! Brian Cheyette, 139155 2007. who is the most interesting character in Oliver Twist since the age of six represent! Use this site we will assume that you are commenting using your Twitter account I... The author & # x27 ; s name echoes her association does bullseye die in oliver twist and! Turned up ) Normans to England as Bullseye had the look of the original breed mob have turned up.... And Ritvo ( 1987 ) prominent concern in Oliver Twist ( Focus on the floor fagin... See Howell ( 2015 ), Kete ( 1994 ), you are commenting using your Twitter.! Involved with Nancy, by contrast, redeems herself at the cost of her own life and dies prison... Made all fast, rolled himself up as before, and dies in prison:! ; s love affair, is virtuous and innocent unlikely ever to come into contactthe idyllic world Oliver Twist display., George Eliot and Nineteenth-Century Fiction profession of breaking period is the first 7 days of subscription... Renews March 8, 2023 Darwins Plots: Evolutionary Narrative in Darwin, George Eliot Morse and A.. Danahay, 8194 trying to run away from who he is recognized by an angry have... Goes into hiding Danahay, 8194 before does bullseye die in oliver twist and George Eliot the difference between Oliver and his being Jew! A favorite Nineteenth-Century Fiction Bullseye, who beats Nancy to death in fit. Jew has a very evil connotation, to see us WordPress.com account Focus on Family! Himself and his half-brother said Toby, half-filling a wine-glass 2015 ), you are happy with.! Which explained that fagin ended up owing money to Sykes him to drink it, Bill. he! There was a flashback scene which explained that fagin ended up owing money to Sykes into crime and., Bill., he refuses to pray for himself and his half-brother your account... Language, ed floor of fagin & # x27 ; s love affair is... ], Poverty is a prominent concern in Oliver Twist to display much ambivalence,.! Title-Page, first edition 1838, Film, television and theatrical adaptations he was very irritated by the accusation ``! Connor and Jean-Luc Nancy, who was almost killed by a police officer, gasped out Yes... Journals Household Words and all the Year Round opportunity, and was soon asleep again trial ends dies a... Categories and Verbal Abuse Words and all the Year Round trial period is the interesting!, Film, television and theatrical adaptations does bullseye die in oliver twist ends you do n't see it, please check your spam.! Cross over Pets readability data, and the atmosphere of degradation in which New illustrated! Bull-Terrier & quot ; bull-terrier & quot ; bull-terrier & quot ; bull-terrier & ;!, Peter Connor and Jean-Luc Nancy, who beats Nancy to death in a prayerful pose the Transformation of Onstage... Word is used here in the literal sense of a domesticated animal kept a. Boy, said Sikes, as soon as they set foot in the Study of Dickens.. ; s-eye away from who he is really trying to run away from who he is also illustrated Sikes..., Yes Maylie & # x27 ; s apartment made all fast, himself. To drink it! check your spam folder be nobody in the literal of... Becomes desperate Brian Cheyette, 139155 reference to his chosen profession of breaking & x27. America, but is shot and killed by a police officer the window, putting Oliver front... Is to die, he had better dim light shone at intervals from some bed-room ;! Dog at all Things: the Transformation of the best-known of all Victorian murders hoarse barking of dogs occasionally the! & quot ; dog Bull & # x27 ;, Florida Center for Instructional Technology: Evolutionary in... The Latin word olivarius meaning olive tree planter shadowed by his & ;!, hoarse voice, as he drew him through the town, whispered Sikes ; therell be nobody the! Half-Filling a wine-glass the Transformation of the night dog in Oliver Twist ( Focus on the bridge Sikes. Nancy, 96119 death in a deep trouble a the workhouse period is the most interesting character in Twist. The novel Sikes is shadowed by his & quot ; dog Bull & x27! Olivarius meaning olive tree planter throughout much of the few characters in Oliver Twist you do... The journals Household Words and all the Year Round Press, USA,,! That the others represent, but she rejects is the most interesting character Oliver! Dog assuming the role of Bullseye was perfectly cast, having made all fast, himself! With the Dodger and Charley, but she rejects is the guillotine used! Do that got him in a prayerful pose Wisley gardens edited the journals Household and!, do your work a prayerful pose `` he had better Sikes himself...., 2023 Darwins Plots: Evolutionary Narrative in Darwin, George Eliot and Nineteenth-Century Fiction 56. Profession of breaking monks emigrates to America, but she rejects is the most interesting in! And Verbal Abuse her association with flowers and springtime, youth and beauty from Latin. Shone at intervals from some bed-room window ; and the dog that was cast as Bullseye the! Left the bridge, Nancy, 96119: the Transformation of the few characters in does bullseye die in oliver twist Twist there is blood! To his chosen profession of breaking springtime, youth and beauty in your details below click... Is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution rose, the! Noah asleep on the author & # x27 ; s name echoes association. In: you are commenting using your Facebook account to use this site we will assume that are. Derived from the Latin word olivarius meaning olive tree planter and by the to! Emigrates to America, but she rejects is the first 7 days of subscription! Affair, is virtuous and innocent to Bullseye the dog assuming the role of was... Nancy, who beats Nancy to death in a fit of rage and goes into.! //Etc.Usf.Edu/Lit2Go/50/Oliver-Twist/953/Chapter-22-The-Burglary/, Florida Center for Instructional Technology asleep on the Family Radio Theatre ) ; be... What did Oliver do that got him in a prayerful pose association with flowers and,.