German soldiers inspect a non-penetrating hit to the Tigers armour, 21 June 1943. Doing so requires a comparison with similar numbers on other armored vehicles in the same combat conditions. For example, tanks lost due to a unit surrendering does not fit into neither a combat nor a non-combat category. This was far beyond the range of the guns mounted on the Allied tanks, so before an Allied tank had any chance of destroying it, it had to be well inside the range of the Tiger. Then figure out what the total cost of the trip would be.? Losses were also high during the Battle of Kursk and Berlin offensive, with 70-90 tanks, 90-210 guns and mortars and 25-40 aircraft lost each day. The Allies took the Tiger very seriously, devoting considerable time to tracking their movements. Michael Wittman, another Tiger commander, had kills of 119 tanks, including great success in Normandy after D-Day. [24], The command variant of the Tiger II was designated Panzerbefehlswagen Tiger Ausf. It was salvaged by the French Army in September 1944 and then stored in a factory in Satory before being transferred to the museum in 1975. This system allowed for very precise control of powered traverse, a light touch on the pedal resulting in a minimum traverse speed of 0.1 deg/sec (360 degrees in 60 min), unlike in most other tanks of the time (e.g. May 14, 2000. p. 73. The first was to restart production of the 57 mm ZiS-2 anti-tank gun which possessed the penetrative power pierce the Tiger's armor. In January 1945 the Entwicklungskommission Panzer unanimously decided that HL234 be immediately included in the engine design and procurement program. Transverse torsion bar suspension supported the hull on nine axles per side. Another addition to the vehicle was the inclusion of a semi-automatic transmission. It is very likely a known figure, or at least a figure known to be within a specific range. The final official German designation was Panzerkampfwagen Tiger Ausf. So, do you mean how many Tigers were destroyed in Each Tiger cost over 250,000 marks to manufacture. History Hit brings you the stories that shaped the world through our award winning podcast network and an online history channel. After trials, the Henschel design was considered superior and the more practical to mass produce, largely as the Porsche VK 4501 prototype design needed large quantities of copper a strategic war material that was in limited supply. The 503rd remained in the Hungarian theater of operations for 166 days, during which time it accounted for at least 121 Soviet tanks, 244 anti-tank guns and artillery pieces, five aircraft and a train. The outer road wheels have been removed and narrow tracks put in place to decrease vehicle width, allowing it to fit within the loading gauge on the German rail network. [17], Henschel won the design contract, and all Tiger IIs were produced by the firm. Additionally, its heavy weight increased fuel consumption, limiting range, and made it hard to transport to the front. Charlie Mills spoke to Dr. Mario Draper at the University of Kent. [9][10] This tank belonged to the 1st Company, 101st SS Heavy Panzer Battalion. First fielded in 1942, the Tiger was meant to forge breakthroughs on the battlefield, destroying enemy tanks at long range while shrugging off hits from lesser Allied anti-tank guns. However, this weight posed a problem when crossing bridges. The stubborn enemy (a penal battalion) was shocked by the unyielding attacks, his rear echelons were shattered by the destruction of several transport columns and a supply train. Destroyed T-72B3 tank left on the Kharkiv-Belgorod border line as a warning. B Heavy Tank - Restored Preserved Panzers", Tiger 213, December 44 Museum (accessed 2021-10-23), "The Real Story of Tiger 332: How Americans Captured a German King Tiger, Mark VI Tank on Christmas Eve, 1944", "Swiss museum restores German 1944 'King Tiger' tank to working order", Information about the Pz.Kpfw.Tiger Ausf.B "Tiger II" at Panzerworld, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tiger_II&oldid=1142306284, 5 (commander, gunner, loader, radio operator, driver), Maybach OLVAR OG 40 12 16 B (8 forward and 4 reverse), Gearbox: Maybach OLVAR OG 40 12 16 B (eight forward and four reverse). A new video at the YouTube channel .css-3wjtm9{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-thickness:0.125rem;text-decoration-color:#1c6a65;text-underline-offset:0.25rem;color:inherit;-webkit-transition:all 0.3s ease-in-out;transition:all 0.3s ease-in-out;}.css-3wjtm9:hover{color:#595959;text-decoration-color:border-link-body-hover;}Military History Visualized breaks down actual data on the German Tiger tanks. Entering combat on September 23, 1942, near Leningrad, the Tiger I proved formidable but highly unreliable. King Tiger tank. In trials at Rastenburg, the Henschel design proved superior and was selected for production under the initial designation Panzerkampfwagen VI Ausf. The M-4 Sherman tank, in particular, helped the U.S. Army win the wareven though, in battle, German tanks destroyed them en masse. Destroyed Tiger II of schwere SS-Panzer-Abteilung 101 in Jemappes, Belgium. Despite its formiddable reputation, the Tiger had chiefly defensive qualities, predominantly supporting medium tanks by destroying enemy tanks at long-range to forge breakthroughs on the battlefield, while mainly ignoring hits from smaller Allied anti-tank guns. It has the production turret and is accessible to the public. Big tanks like the King Tiger were mobile . Among . Prokhorovka has always been notorious, but British historian Ben Wheatley has challenged the traditional myths surrounding the battle by fine-combing through the evidence. Featuring torsion bar suspension, the tank used a system of interleaved, overlapping road wheels running on a wide 725 mm (28.5 in) wide track. 40/43 projectile between the same ranges. it does not reflect the usual conditions under which tanks were destroyed. Answer (1 of 14): Not as many as Fury, or Wehrmacht enthusiasts, would like you to believe. Tank Spotter's Guide, Bovington 2011 p. 63. Despite their stunning victory in France in 1940, the German Army quickly learned that its tanks were weaker and more vulnerable than the French S35 Souma or the British Matilda series. Likewise, the Soviet kept about 3,000 tanks in the Far East through much of the war." Building on the experience garnered on the Eastern Front, the Tiger I mounted the formidable 88 mm Kwk 36 L/56 gun. From January 1944 to September 30th 1944, the German Army reported to have destroyed 23,070 AFVs (actual, irrecoverable losses for the RKKA amounted to 23,700 AFVs, 29,009 "evacuated", during the entirety of 1944, around 18,000 up to September). The HMS Ark Royal, a British Aircraft Carrier, was torpedoed off Gibraltar by the Germans in 1941. As many as 400 Soviet and 80 German tanks were destroyed. the Division had some 648 Sherman tanks completely destroyed . Featuring firepower and protection at the expense of mobility, the Tiger's look and layout were derived from the earlier Panzer IV. It was very expensive to manufacture, both in terms of money and resources. [30], Apart from research, training, and a five-tank attachment to the Panzer Lehr, the Tiger II was only issued to heavy tank battalions (schwere Panzer-Abteilungen) of the German Army (Heer), or Waffen-SS. What Was the Atlantic Wall and When Was It Built? He has appeared on The History Channel as a featured expert. The Allies' most successful anti-Tiger tactic in Tunisia was a retrograde maneuver, laying anti-tank mines guarded by antitank guns. List of military vehicles of World War II, List of World War II military vehicles of Germany, "Was the Tiger really King? In March 1943 s.Pz.-Abt. To remove as much noise as possible, while still retaining some level of detail, three tiers of grouping were used. According to Heinz Guderian (supplied by Q.M.G of the General Staff of the Army): Total 33,324 tanks, assault guns, tank destroyers, self-propelled guns, armored personnel carriers and armored cars lost on the Eastern Front from 22/6/1941 until November 1944. [28], The Tiger II served as the basis for one production variant, the Jagdtiger casemated tank destroyer,[12] and a proposed Grille 17/21/30/42 self-propelled mount for heavy guns which never reached production. On 15 October 1944, Tiger IIs of 503rd Heavy Panzer Battalion played a crucial role during Operation Panzerfaust, supporting Otto Skorzeny's troops in taking the Hungarian capital of Budapest, which ensured that the country remained with the Axis until the end of the war. [58][62], The expanded firing test states that the projectiles from the 100 mm BS-3 and 122 mm A-19 gun penetrated a Tiger Ausf B's turret at ranges of 10001500 metres, which suggests a quality factor of 0.86 for the Tiger Ausf B's turret. Aircraft were more . Inadequate for the tank's massive 56.9 tonne weight, it was replaced after the 250th production model with a 690 hp HL 230 P45 engine. [2] Each Tiger II produced needed 300,000 man hours to manufacture and cost over 800,000 Reichsmark or US$300,000 (equivalent to $4,600,000 in 2021[citation needed]) per vehicle. Paul Winter, in Defeating Hitler, states "these figures are undoubtedly too low"[15]. The Tiger was introduced in 1942 and saw action in North Africa, Italy, Russia and North West Europe. Historical Trips - Book your next historical adventure, 6 Secret Historic Gardens in the United Kingdom, Join Dan Snow for the Anniversary of the D-Day Landings, War of The Worlds: The Most Infamous Radio Broadcast in History, The King Revealed: 10 Fascinating Facts About Elvis Presley, 10 Facts About American Poet Robert Frost, Germanys invasion of the Soviet Union on 22 June 1941, 6 of the Most Distinguished Victoria Cross Winners in History, Bombing Campaigns of the Second World War, Anne Franks Legacy: How Her Story Changed the World. Cause Tiger I Tiger II Total; Africa; Combat: 6-6: Non-combat: 25-25: Total: 31-31: Italy; Combat . In the case of the 501st these were Panzer III N tanks and in the case of the 504th they were Panzer III Ms. Despite their strengths, Tigers were so expensive to producejust 1,340 were . [63] The 100mm BS-3 and 122mm A-19 could also penetrate the weld joints of the front hull at ranges of 500600 metres after 34 shots.[57]. It was only used by South African forces, mostly in Eastern Africa during WW2. Pages 339-345. One major problem with the Tiger: it was very expensive, both in terms of money and resources. Lab testing found that the armour plates lacked molybdenum (ascribed to a loss of supply, being replaced by vanadium), resulting in low malleability. These reports were classified and there is therefore no reason to believe that the reports were modified for propaganda reasons. . Their mission was to attack and advance into the enemys rear. [30] There was also a program using the Simmering-Graz-Pauker Sla.16-cylinder diesel engine,[30] but the war's constraint on supplies and capitulation resulted in the cancellation of this program. Despite Henschels design being chosen, Ferdinand Porsche did give the tank its nickname, Tiger, with the Roman numeral added after the Tiger II entered production. But why did Germany invade the Soviet Union? Will China Give Lethal Support to Russia? KV heavy tank. As the war dragged on, Germany's money and resources depleted. Arriving in North Africa, the Americans were unprepared for the German tank but made no effort to counter it as they did not anticipate seeing it in significant numbers. . At least 1,741 tanks destroyed in 1939-1940, 549 light and medium tanks destroyed in 1944-1945 and 134 combat cars. During World War II, the mere mention of the name Tiger was enough to set Allied troops on edge. Hickman, Kennedy. This was far beyond the range of the guns mounted on the Allied tanks, so . The actual number was 978 tanks in total 306 German and 672 Soviet, according to Zamulin. Only 1,347 Tiger 1s were built after this, Henschel built 490 Tiger IIs until the wars end. On the Eastern Front, the Soviets adopted a variety of solutions for dealing with the Tiger I. This page was first created on 2021-05-09 and most recently updated on 2022-08-13. [49] At least 150 Tiger IIs were present, nearly a third of total production; most were lost over the course of the offensive. Gear-obsessed editors choose every product we review. [29], The Maybach HL234, an engine born from the developments initiated by attempting to convert the Maybach HL230 to fuel injection, would have increased the power from 700 to at least 800 PS (hp). Determining whether a loss should be listed a combat or non-combat loss can sometimes be difficult. As the war dragged on, Germanys money and resources depleted. [41] Statistics from 15 March 1945 show reliability rates of 59 percent for the Tiger, almost equal to the 62 percent of the Panzer IV and better than the 48 percent of the Panther that were operational by this period. The most important strike, which is clearly visible today, saw a 6-pounder round scrape the underside of the Tigers 88mm gun, before hitting the gun mantlet and lodging itself in the turret ring. Tigers suffered a large number of non-combat losses, however, as the chaos of wartime and the Tigers mechanical finickiness chipped away at the number of deployable tanks. The Sd.Kfz. [32] [notes 3] [32]. The numbers above indicate that the Tiger II generally fared worse than the Tiger I. They had about 400 other armored vehicles, assault guns, Stug III and things like that. The Henschel version used a conventional hull design with sloped armour resembling the layout of the Panther tank. The shell's ability to travel at about 2,200m in an estimated 2.2 seconds (and sometimes even faster) meant this tank had the capability to destroy enemy tanks from a distance, keeping the Tiger out of enemy range. On the road to Ogldw, three Tiger IIs were destroyed in an ambush by a few T-34-85s. [60] Moreover, the main armament of the Tiger II was capable of knocking out any Allied tank frontally at ranges exceeding 2.5 kilometres (1.6mi), well beyond the effective range of Allied tank guns. The firing test against the Tiger B turret front, however, was conducted after removal of the gun and mantlet, and resulted in penetrations close to armour openings, such as vision slits and gun location. It is often claimed that more Tiger tanks were lost to various non-combat reasons than were lost in combat. [14] As the war dragged on and Germany had less of either, it was deemed important to make the most of war production. "[38] Lack of crew training could amplify this problem; drivers originally given only limited training on other tanks were often sent directly to operational units already on their way to the front. Overlapped 800mm (31in) diameter road wheels with rubber cushions and steel tyres rode inside the tracks. The Panzerkampfwagen VI Tiger tank was a German heavy tank that served on the Eastern Front, Western Front, and in North Africa during World War II. During the European Campaign, the Division had some 648 Sherman tanks completely destroyed in combat and we had another 700 knocked out, repaired and put back into operation. The concentrated Tiger-Abteilung correctly employed tactically will always bring success[42][43], Notwithstanding its initial reliability problems, the Tiger II was remarkably agile for such a heavy vehicle. Due to the Tiger I's weight, it was not capable of using most bridges. The Tiger Tanks were first deployed in 1942 when they were used in North Africa against the American and British forces. 623 Tiger I and 377 Tiger II. The Tiger was still at the prototype stage when it was quickly brought into service, and therefore changes were made throughout the production run, including a redesigned turret with a lower cupola. This is further demonstrated in the yearly numbers: It is clear from these numbers that the non-combat losses increased significantly as Germany's situation deteriorated. https://www.thoughtco.com/world-war-ii-tiger-i-tank-2361331 (accessed March 1, 2023). Though effective on the battlefield, the Tiger was badly over-engineered making it difficult to maintain and expensive to produce. The right suspension of one of the tanks had to be completely replaced, and its full functionality could not be re-established. All it took was a German adversary like the awe-inspiring Tiger tank with its 88-millimeter gun. Answer (1 of 5): If you really need to know, ask over at the Axis History Forum. During the retreat of the German army towards Paris and the river Seine the King Tiger II's of the 101st SS Heavy Panzer Battalion were at the forefront of the fighting. Production and losses of tanks > Soviet and German production and losses of tanks on the Russian Front from 1941 to 1945 and could the Red Army have won. British tank crews first encountered Tigers in January 1943. On the Western Front in 19441945, 4,477 British Commonwealth tanks were destroyed, including 2,712 M4 Sherman tanks, 656 Churchill tanks, 609 Cromwell tanks, 433 M3 Stuart light tanks, 39 Cruiser Mk VIII Challenger tanks, 26 Comet tanks, 2 M24 Chaffee light tanks.[8]. The turret could be rotated 360 degrees at 6/second in low gear independent of engine rpm, at 19/second the same as with the Tiger I with the high speed setting and engine at 2000 rpm, and over 36/second at the maximum allowable engine speed of 3000 rpm. The Armys Next 'Tank' Could Look Like Anything, Russia Dredges Up Ancient BTR-50 Vehicles, Your Privacy Choices: Opt Out of Sale/Targeted Ads. It was captured on 24 April 1943 during the North Africa Campaign, and later restored to running order by experts at the Tank Museum in Bovington, Dorset. A Tiger I deployed to supplement the Afrika Korps operating in Tunisia, January 1943 (Image Credit: Bundesarchiv, Bild 101I-554-0872-35 / CC). The Tiger I saw service until the end of the war despite the arrival of the Tiger II in 1944. The categories and groups are listed to allow those who disagree with the classifications to create their own analysis. When looking at the ratio of combat to non-combat losses, it is interesting to see that Tiger losses on the Eastern Front and Western Front ratios are almost identical, while the numbers for Africa and Italy are considerably worse. These claims are usually not backed up by actual numbers. Though designed as a breakthrough weapon, by the time they saw combat in large numbers Tigers largely were used to anchor defensive strong points. Design work on the Tiger I initially began in 1937 at Henschel & Sohn in response to a call from the Waffenamt (WaA, German Army Weapons Agency) for breakthrough vehicle (Durchbruchwagen). However, these also never got beyond the proposal stage or did not enter production before the war ended. What are the disadvantages of shielding a thermometer? Osprey Publishing page 175-176. However, Soviet testing contradicted this as they found that the frontal glacis could be destroyed by firing 34 shots at the weld joints from the ranges of 500600m[57] which were found to be inferior in quality to that of previous German designs like the Tiger I or Panther. Legion moving alongside the damaged and listing Ark Royal to take off survivors. To meet this request, Henschel brought forward two versions of its VK4501 design featuring an 88 mm gun and a 75 mm gun respectively. Probably the most effective was just to wait until it broke down or ran out of gas. All other tanks, tank destroyers or TDs were produced only in numbers of a few hundred (except Jagdpanzer 38(t) of which 1457 were produced in 1944). The King Tiger Tank was not without its problems. The tanks were over-engineered, used expensive materials and were very labour-intensive to build. 503) claimed approximately 500 kills in the period from January to April 1945 on the Eastern Front for the loss of 45 Tiger IIs (most of which were abandoned and destroyed by their own crews after mechanical breakdowns or for lack of fuel). The German Tiger I tank. Zaloga, Steven. .css-v1xtj3{display:block;font-family:FreightSansW01,Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif;font-weight:100;margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;}@media (any-hover: hover){.css-v1xtj3:hover{color:link-hover;}}@media(max-width: 48rem){.css-v1xtj3{font-size:1.1387rem;line-height:1.2;margin-bottom:1rem;margin-top:0.625rem;}}@media(min-width: 40.625rem){.css-v1xtj3{line-height:1.2;}}@media(min-width: 48rem){.css-v1xtj3{font-size:1.18581rem;line-height:1.2;margin-bottom:0.5rem;margin-top:0rem;}}@media(min-width: 64rem){.css-v1xtj3{font-size:1.23488rem;line-height:1.2;margin-top:0.9375rem;}}Russia Dredges Up Ancient BTR-50 Vehicles, U.S. The Comparative Performance of German Anti-Tank Weapons During World War II . Also on the 19th, two Tigers were engaged by a Sherman, a 57 mm gun, and infantry with bazookas. Built with combat performance in mind, although superior on the battlefield, the Tigers complex design and a lack of thought to repairing individual components made it tricky and expensive for mechanics to maintain. Image Credit: Bundesarchiv, Bild 101I-022-2935-24 / Wolff/Altvater / CC-BY-SA 3.0, CC BY-SA 3.0 DE , via Wikimedia Commons. This content is imported from youTube. [citation needed] A Wa Prf 1 report estimated that the Tiger II's frontal aspect was impervious to the Soviet 122mm D-25T, the largest calibre tank gun of the war. As a result little was known about this formidable new opponent, so the capture of a complete Tiger was a prize of enormous importance which would yield valuable. North Korean T-34-85 knocked out by bazooka teams led by Major General William F. Dean. For an analysis about the losses of the Tiger tanks, losses that did not happen in the field are not immediately relevant. 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